Work Package 2 – Liquified Noble Gas Calorimeters

Future experiments at e+e−, hadron or muon colliders have an ambitious physics program. The role of calorimetry will be to precisely measure particle energies, complement the tracking system in an optimal particle-flow event reconstruction, contribute to particle identification and – where necessary – provide efficient pile-up rejection. Such functionalities will only be achievable with excellent electromagnetic energy resolution, high lateral and longitudinal granularity and – in some cases (e.g. pile-up rejection) – excellent time resolution. Calorimetry based on liquified noble gases (noble-liquid calorimetry) was successfully used in many high-energy experiments due to its excellent electromagnetic energy resolution, linearity, stability, uniformity and radiation hardness.
While radiation hardness is a concern mainly for hadron colliders, all other above-mentioned properties of noble liquid calorimetry will be extremely beneficial for the high-precision measurement programme of e+e− colliders, but also for precision measurements at future hadron or muon colliders. The unprecedented statistical precision achievable in experimental measurements at circular e+e− colliders, such as the FCC-ee, will have to be complemented by extremely well-controlled systematic uncertainties This requires an excellent understanding of the detector and the event reconstruction. Highly uniform, linear and stable measurements in the calorimeters will be a prerequisite to achieving this ambitious goal.
The main goal for the next years is to design and build a prototype module that can be studied with test beams. The work will focus on the below areas, leading to a prototype module by the end of 2028, that can be put in the beam when the SPS is available again in 2029, according to the LS3 planning.

Coordinator: Nicolas Morange (nicolas.morange@ijclab.in2p3.fr)